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Tolman viewed learning as _____.

A) Purposeful behavior
B) Reflex
C) Imitation
D) Reward only

Correct Answer: A) Purposeful behavior

Edward Tolman, a cognitive behaviorist, viewed learning as purposeful, or goal-directed, behavior. He argued that organisms form 'cognitive maps' and act based on beliefs and expectations, not just as a response to stimuli.

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